Emission sensors are being developed…
Extensive research in the field of gas analysis is carried out in the gas analysis laboratory of the Department of Analytical Chemistry of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov. As a result of this research, chemical sensors have been developed to monitor toxic and explosive gases such as hydrogen, ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, ethanol and hydrogen fluoride, and more than 20 patents have been obtained for these sensors. Research is carried out jointly with industrial enterprises, research institutes and higher educational institutions of the republic. A number of sensors developed in the laboratory have been introduced at the production enterprises of the republic. Signaling devices based on the developed natural gas and natural gas sensors are not inferior to foreign analogues and allow preventing accidents in the form of poisoning and fires caused by the accumulation of gas impurities and natural gas in closed ecosystems.
Today, with the rapid development of road transport and industry around the world, there is a growing need to control the composition of atmospheric air. Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) is one of the most toxic and expansive components of atmospheric air.
It is known that carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous compound formed during the partial combustion of coal, natural gas, wood, gasoline and other combustible substances. It is one of the most common toxic gases in nature, caused by the rapid use of energy on Earth. Emergencies associated with poisoning by industrial gases and expansions of gas-air mixtures are common among the population as a result of the use of various types of fuel. Complete combustion of fuel produces carbon dioxide instead of carbon dioxide, which is generally considered harmless. The main reason for the formation of greenhouse gases is the lack of oxygen necessary for the combustion of various types of fuel. The danger of working gas is that it is odorless. Even the smallest amount of carbon monoxide in the air can lead to poisoning. The presence of 0.1% carbon monoxide in the air we breathe can be fatal. According to world statistics, death from industrial gas poisoning ranks second among the causes of death from alcoholism. The main symptoms of occupational gas poisoning are: drowsiness, headache, shortness of breath, cough, increased heart rate and blood pressure. In rooms where the ventilation system does not work properly, there is a high risk of poisoning by industrial gases due to incomplete combustion of combustible material. When carbon monoxide enters the body, it binds to hemoglobin and oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the blood, restricting the movement of oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin binds 300 times faster and more abundantly than oxygen, forming hemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. As a result, the ability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to tissues is significantly reduced. Hemoglobin cells recover for a long time after carbon monoxide poisoning. Industrial gas poisoning can occur quickly or slowly. It depends on the concentration in the air. At very high concentrations, poisoning occurs quickly, manifested by fainting and shortness of breath. Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning consists in the proper organization of the combustion process and the prevention of its formation in the air. This is done using various chemical sensors.
Therefore, the creation of a new generation of gas sensitive elements and the development of selective gas sensors based on them for determining the amount of carbon monoxide in the atmospheric air, process and exhaust gases is an urgent task.
Extensive research is being carried out around the world to create high-performance gas-sensitive materials for sensors of toxic and expansive gases.
In our country, special attention is paid to monitoring the composition of environmental objects, certain results are being achieved in the development of methods and means of monitoring the composition of atmospheric air. The Department of Analytical Chemistry of Samarkand State University conducts extensive research in the field of gas analysis. Alarms based on the developed natural gas and natural gas sensors keep up with foreign analogues and help prevent accidents such as poisoning and fires caused by the accumulation of gas impurities and natural gas in closed ecosystems.
Ergashboy Abdurakhmonov
Samarkand State University
professor of analytical chemistry,
Photos by Shavkat Akramov.