Rome in the west,

In the east, Samarkand...

"All roads lead to Rome" - the origin of this term is attributed to the fact that by the 5th century, more than 85,000 kilometers of roads had been built in the Roman Empire. If you look at the map of the Roman Empire, you can see that all the roads built at that time converged in Rome. During the Roman Empire, roads were so strong and strategically important that even most of today's modern European roads were built on stone roads built during the Roman Empire. Indeed, from the beginning of the Common Era to the early Middle Ages, the Roman Empire united Southern and Western Europe, the Middle East, and all of North Africa, covering an area of 5 million square kilometers, and was the most developed state of its time. Another important aspect is that the Roman Empire, both historically and today, was the only state occupying the entire Mediterranean coast.

Modern Italy is a country located in the south of the European continent, on the Apennine Peninsula, whose coast is washed by the Mediterranean Sea. The area is 301.2 thousand sq. km. The population is 60 million people. The largest cities are Rome, Turin, Milan, Naples, Genoa, and Venice. The automotive industry is one of the world leaders. The most expensive car models, such as Bugatti, Ferrari, Lombardi, and Maseratti, are manufactured in Italy and exported worldwide. Most interestingly, most Italians drive relatively cheap cars like Fiats. Italy is a country of fashion: such world-famous brands as "Gucci," "Prada," "Versace," "Dolcie Gabbana," "Giorgio Armani," "Roberto Cavalli," "Fendi," "Valentino," "Trussardi," "Benetton" all belong to Italy, and no country in the world can match them in this regard. The city of Milan is the fashion capital of the world.

Today, Italy is a classic country where ancient cultures and modern science clashed. It is well known that world-renowned inventors such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Christopher Columbus, Marco Polo, John Cabot, Amerigo Vespucci, and Toscanelli left an indelible mark on world science.

According to UNESCO, 70 percent of the world's cultural and artistic heritage is located in Italy, while the remaining 30 percent is scattered throughout the world. There are more than 3,000 museums in Italy. Ancient cities such as Rome, Venice, Florence, Milan, Naples, Genoa, and Pisa are truly open-air museum cities. In Italy, you can find all the components of the landscape: seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, mountains, plains, forests and shrubs, vast pastures, vast agricultural lands, citrus fruit plantations, even small swamps and steppes, small fairytale villages and huge agglomerations at the foot of the mountains, resort zones along the seashore, and even active volcanoes such as Vesuvius, Stromboli, and Etna. An average of 50 million tourists from all over the world come annually to see such natural wonders, ancient monuments, and enjoy the famous Italian cuisine.

The capital of the Italian state is the city of Rome. The capital is the administrative center of the Roman province and the province of Lazio. In its western part is the city-state of Vatican City. Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world, rich in historical and cultural monuments, and is called the "eternal city." Every stone on this earth, polished and shining for 2,000 years, is a living history book that everyone should read. When speaking of the Eternal City, one remembers Caesar, gladiators, the Colosseum, the Pope and the Vatican, the majestic ruins, the ancient Pantheon, the mighty Roman Empire, which gave us almost all the household items, philosophy, painting, and literature of our time.

Rome has long been not only a city and the capital of Italy, but also a place of power for all mankind. In it, you can go back 2000 years and see how everything began.

Today's Rome is literally becoming the center of the modern world, and when you go to any city, you start your journey from the airport. Fumichino Airport in Rome is one of the largest in the world, serving flights to more than 200 cities around the world. The airport area is equipped with the most modern technologies and you will feel comfortable.

Rome has become a center of tourism, science, culture, sports, trade, gastronomy, and forums. On the streets, at every step, you will encounter tourists, students, and people dining in small cafes.

Most of Rome's higher education institutions are ranked in the world's Top-1000. It is Italy that allocates many grants to foreigners for education, all that is required is knowledge of English or Italian at an academic level and creative knowledge in one's specialty.

The international congress in which I participated was organized by the American scientific society "Times Scientific Group" on the topic "Global climate change and environmental sustainability." The agenda included a number of issues, such as global climate change, environmental problems, melting glaciers, the problem of fresh water and food, atmospheric pollution, and finding solutions to them.

Samarkand - Rome - Samarkand.

Azamat FOZILOV,

Associate Professor of Samarkand State University.